Stoves are invariably in demand in the construction of private households. Given that there are a large number of compact analogs of cast iron stoves, almost everyone at least once thinks about building a real heating fireplace in their home.
Features and Benefits
The fireplace itself is of little use, it is impossible for them to heat all the rooms, so the owners often make a choice in favor of a heating structure. It heats all rooms with high quality, therefore it is universal for the house and serves as an additional mechanism for heating water. There are mechanisms that allow you to combine the heating part of the stove with the aesthetics of the fireplace. This mechanism is called the fireplace stove.
There are many multifunctional models, but not all of them are suitable for private houses - you should take into account the heating area and the location of the house itself. There are also unusual designs: miniature fireplace stoves for small spaces, and even a built-in stove bench.
Varieties
With a couch
The volumetric shape of such a furnace is not suitable for all buildings. A miniature country house will be too small for a complete heating system. But in a spacious room - it will look harmonious. The stove and fireplace can be fired alternately - the combined version allows this. On the one hand, this is a cozy space when the fireplace crackles, and on the other, a full-fledged stove.
Most often, stoves with a stove bench are summer cottage options for installations. In winter, massive stoves heat the house completely: the heat from the knee-high walls heats the whole night. Hence the understanding of why it is called a long burning stove. And if there is an option to install this design in your home, you should use it.
Swedish oven
Another design of the combined oven is Swedish. It is compact and can be used in the same way. If you touch on the name, then it immediately becomes clear that it came from the country of origin - Sweden. The fireplace itself heats up quickly, since the mechanism with a heat exchanger has a hob. The Swedish stove is located between the walk-through room and the kitchen - this allows you to quickly heat up a small space. The disadvantages include slight cooling, therefore, the inability to retain heat.
Wall oven
A stove with one side in the wall is called a back-to-wall stove. This is a space saving option. It can be built in a small cottage to warm up two rooms at once. Built-in structures allow you to use it in different ways - as a stove and as a fireplace for aesthetic relaxation. It will heat the adjacent rooms behind the wall. The disadvantage of this mechanism is the lack of a cooking unit.
BBQ oven
Ordinary outdoor barbecues are a thing of the past. The stove can be used for barbecuing, in which case it will be divided either into several separate planes and located directly on the street, or it will be built into the wall of the house, representing a single whole with the adjacent gazebo.
The barbecue oven refers to a mechanism that will be used alternately as a kitchen set and an outdoor fireplace. The structure is installed either on the street gazebos of the summer cottage, or in the kitchen, which is made in high-tech style.
Mini ovens
Minimalism now is earthiness and adherence to planes. The sustained minimalist style is the absence of protrusions.
There are a number of advantages for fireplaces in the style of minimalism: discreet decor with a modern heating mechanism, saving space, electricity or biofuel, and also - easy portability from one room to another room. The disadvantages include the inability to combine an open fireplace with the style of the interior, which implies the use of enclosures.
Materials (edit)
In order to build a do-it-yourself fireplace stove, you will need the following materials:
- special brick for the oven;
- cast iron alloy furnace door;
- fireplace door with durable glass;
- blower doors;
- several chimney cleaners;
- a pair of grates for the firebox;
- hob made of cast iron with burners;
- steel corner with shelf;
- steel plate 3 mm;
- thermal insulation layer;
- heat-resistant metal thread for installing the door;
- pipes and parts for fixing the chimney;
- insulating sheets for formwork and boards;
- concrete batch for the foundation;
- sand and gravel for construction work;
- any refractory coating for the foundation.
Important: when buying a brick, you need to take a closer look at the outside of the material - there should be no glossy shine (this is a violation of production technology), no fragility and crumbling (indicates an unfinished material).
Do it yourself: step by step instructions
To build a universal fireplace stove, you need to make a miscalculation and add up the "plus and minus" in the drawings, choose a location, understand what materials and tools are required directly at the construction site, start installing the foundation, and, finally, build the fireplace-stove itself. That's all for a beginner's guide. Now in order.
Location selection
The principle of the location of the fireplace is simple: the same rules apply as when inserting conventional heating systems. If the fireplace is adjacent to a wooden wall, then there should be a free space of at least 40 centimeters between them. It is better if a screen is installed in advance from a refractory sheet, plate, and also drywall.
Blueprints
Once the location is selected, it is necessary to draw a drawing of the shape and future design. Having understood the future look of the fireplace, you can proceed to the basis: calculate the heating elements and their interaction. A full-fledged drawing can only be made by masters, therefore it is recommended to take the finished designs of the Swedish stove as a basis, and bring your ideas ideas directly there. When making a choice which of the heating devices to install, be guided by your needs.
The calculation of the part of the fireplace is correlated with the size of the room. To calculate the heating capacity of the stove, it is recommended to use the standard table. The best ratio of width and height is determined as 3: 2, but the depth of the fuel section is usually taken in a ratio of 1: 2 or 2/3 of its height.
The quality of the stove also depends on the draft, so do not forget about calculating the chimney cross section. Its size should be 1:10 of the area of the firebox window. Indicators need to be rounded off and use solid bricks in construction. Do not forget that the rounded chimney has a diameter of at least 150 millimeters.
These photos serve as a guide for individual adjustments. The visual content will also show the direction of the gas flows and the part with the greatest heat output.
Materials and tools
From the above materials, choose the following items:
- waterproofing coatings;
- dry sand;
- crushed stone;
- reinforcement mesh;
- wood scraps for formwork;
- steel thread and nails;
- cement mix.
Installation of the foundation
The fireplace stove connects two parts of one mechanism, therefore it is necessary to make the foundation stable and ensure the reliability of the heat generator.
The filling rules are the same as those used when assembling a stationary heater. To begin with, you need to highlight the outline of the base, and indent from the fireplace itself by 100 millimeters. If the installation takes place in a room with parquet, the base for the stove is cut out.
Work algorithm:
- make a depression from 0.5 m to 0.7 meters;
- fill the bottom of the boiler by 10 cm with sand, seal it and spill it with water;
- cover the sand with rubble and tamp it thoroughly;
- from gravel, at a height of 5-7 cm, install a mesh of reinforcement;
- mount the formwork on the base (set the upper cut of the boards one level at a time, which will ensure the leveling of the foundation);
- mix sand, crushed stone and cement mortar (3: 1: 4), then pour a homogeneous mass into the base;
- tamp the concrete, then level it with the rule, passing through the parts of the formwork.
After pouring the foundation, wait a week for full set. Do not forget to separate the concrete from the laying with waterproofing, for example, roofing felt.
Fireplace laying
After the foundation has dried out, you can start ordering the structure. The first row fits in continuous. The second row is positioned in such a way as to outline the gas passage, the blowing chamber and the place for the firebox. Further, following the drawings, you need to simulate the firebox chamber with masonry, while forming the bottom, which is the third row.
To make overlaps, you can use metal corners - they also act as a support and block the door opening. With this condition, you need to lay out the fourth and fifth row. After that, there are several layers with the installation of the door. And already in the ninth row, the hole is covered with a brick, laying several more rows.
On the eleventh layer, you need to insert the hob, so first you need to lay out the brick dry, measure the area under the stove, and only then lay it along with the structure. Several rows after - you need to lay according to the scheme, fixing the holes in the frame with wire.
On the sixteenth row, you can lay the beginning of the vault under the slab, not forgetting the steel strips for support. In subsequent masonry, simulate an arch. On the nineteenth layer, the gap between the bricks must be increased - for the valves and then the cleaning doors must be installed. In the next masonry, install a strip of steel on the smaller valves, and in the twenty-first row, put the strip on top of the luggage - it will have the base of the chimney.
From the twenty-second level of the masonry, the chimney begins - the channels need to be made already, and gradually closed. The luggage is carried out according to the scheme up to the twenty-sixth row, where a common valve is installed from the same steel corner.
Next comes the overlap of the furnace - these are the next two rows, after which the laying of the chimney. It is built according to a scheme with bandaging and shifting the bricks by half to a certain height.
After finishing - it is necessary to dry the stove and gradually light up the fireplace.
Cladding
Before putting the furnace into full operation, it is possible to revet it with the material you like. Here your imagination is limitless: decorative stones, tiles, all kinds of mixtures. It is important to understand that the cladding should correspond to the general decor of the room and look advantageous during evening chimney gatherings.
Decor
Decorating should be the last thing to do - these are some kind of final touches. There are many decorative elements from metal patterns of classic design (for a Swedish stove) or modern lighting under the hob, which will look advantageous in a more modern design style.
Do not forget also that the choice of doors is also extensive - from heavy open structures to simple glass forms.
Conversion from an old oven
If you already have an oven built into the wall, you can convert it into a fireplace. It is much easier to rebuild it - you already have a defined framework. But you need to remember: the size of the firebox should be increased, the chimney should be expanded, and a glass door for the firebox should be used for safety reasons. For the rest, the design should be adjusted according to the same rules.
It is also unusual that a fireplace can be easily made from the so-called "Russian stove" by adjusting the drawings and installing a safe door.
Interesting solutions in interior design
Fireplace stoves can be adapted even to the most decorative design, to the most severe decor conditions.
Wood-burning fireplace - will easily fit into a modern interior.
Modernity will dictate its own terms: you will have to revet the brick and give it a gray tint. But for fans of experiments, there is a much more interesting option: a built-in glass fireplace as a partition between rooms.
It is possible to decorate the fireplace yourself, for example, with plasterboard or facing bricks. It remains to add elements from the firewood collected by the pyramid, large candles or photographs - and the possibility of comfort will greatly increase.
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