Plaster Mortar: The Composition And Proportions Of The Mixture For Plastering Walls With Your Own Hands, How To Properly Dilute, How To Make A Decorative Coating Yourself

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Plaster Mortar: The Composition And Proportions Of The Mixture For Plastering Walls With Your Own Hands, How To Properly Dilute, How To Make A Decorative Coating Yourself
Plaster Mortar: The Composition And Proportions Of The Mixture For Plastering Walls With Your Own Hands, How To Properly Dilute, How To Make A Decorative Coating Yourself

Video: Plaster Mortar: The Composition And Proportions Of The Mixture For Plastering Walls With Your Own Hands, How To Properly Dilute, How To Make A Decorative Coating Yourself

Video: Plaster Mortar: The Composition And Proportions Of The Mixture For Plastering Walls With Your Own Hands, How To Properly Dilute, How To Make A Decorative Coating Yourself
Video: plastering mortar mix ratio by hand 2024, March
Anonim

Despite the large number of building materials, few of them today are able to compete with plastering walls. This is due to a number of factors, one of which is the ability of the plaster mixture to act as a base leveling agent. This is especially important when carrying out finishing. Consider the rules for the preparation of plaster mortar.

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Features of the

Plaster mortar is a wide range of mixtures. The spectrum includes various compositions, this is due to the purpose of each material. The basis of any raw material is a binder. In addition to it, manufacturers include various additives in the composition. It is a pasty mass. It is spread on the walls or ceiling, stretching until a uniform layer is formed.

The composition of each mixture directly affects its purpose. For this reason, mixtures can be designed for indoor or outdoor use. Some formulations are relatively versatile and are designed to work indoors as well as outdoors. A distinctive feature of these mixtures is resistance to adverse environmental factors. One of the features of plaster compositions is grain size.

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It is the size of the faction that indicates whether the composition is the finish or the starting one. Often it is the rough texture that is used to prepare the base for finishing. Depending on this, use one or two plasters on one surface. In this case, one of them is the preparation of the base for the application of the other. Due to the particle size and additional effect, the cost of the topcoat is always higher than the starting counterpart.

Sometimes the plaster mix is confused with the term "dry plaster", which is usually understood as gypsum plasterboards.

In fact, plaster is a composition based on a powder mixture or a ready-to-use solution.

In the first case, it is a binder and fillers in a balanced formula. They must be kneaded before applying the plastering material to the prepared substrate. The second variety is notable for the fact that it does not need to be adjusted before using it on the surface.

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Such material can have a different shade. It depends on the constituents of the mixture.

  • In one case it is a gray concrete color, in others it is dirty beige, sometimes milky.
  • White is considered to be basic.
  • The finished creamy-based material can be colored. However, the range of shades of such mixtures is scarce. This forces you to paint the plaster mix yourself.

All solutions are divided into oily, lean and normal. Mixtures of two or more components are called complex. In fatty varieties, the astringent component predominates. Therefore, they shrink and crack, and require re-processing.

If filler dominates, the solution does not shrink, but adheres poorly to the base. The normal composition is moderately plastic, easy to work with, durable.

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Views

It is impossible to prepare a plaster composition without knowing the varieties of such mixtures. In the modern construction market, a wide range of similar products in various forms of release is offered to the attention of the buyer. It is different in volume and composition.

There are several popular mixtures:

  • cement-sand;
  • cement-lime;
  • gypsum;
  • clay;
  • glue;
  • polymer;
  • specialized.
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Each type of plaster has its own advantages, durability, disadvantages. For example, specialized formulations are nothing more than insulation and waterproofing mixtures. These are intermediate masses, alternatives to mineral wool and other cladding. With their help, you can get rid of annoying noise from the outside and prevent moisture from inside.

Cement-sand options - ordinary cement mortars and masonry mixtures with high resistance to mechanical stress. In the process of drying, they shrink, are applicable in heated and unheated rooms. Cement-lime mixtures are distinguished by the presence of fine-grained sand in the composition. Suitable for indoor use, have antibacterial properties.

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Clay varieties are environmentally friendly. They contain asbestos, lime and cement. Less durable compared to cement mortars. Gypsum plaster mixes are used more often as leveling agents. These compounds are hygroscopic and are not suitable for finishing rooms with a high degree of humidity. With frequent contact with water, they wear out and deteriorate.

Adhesive plaster mixes are needed to fix insulation or waterproofing. Most often, such products are used when leveling surfaces in working with a mesh. Polymeric plasters do not have sufficient ventilation, however, they have high rates of fire resistance and sound insulation. They are made on the basis of acrylic, silicone. There are silicate varieties.

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Appointment

The scope of application of plaster solutions is wide:

  1. They are used in construction, renovation and decoration of buildings.
  2. Depending on the type of composition, it can be used for the construction of buildings, their finishing and decoration. In fact, it is a building, intermediate and decorative material.
  3. Some compounds are needed for laying bricks and stones. Others level the floor, others level the surfaces, indispensable for the installation of double-glazed windows.
  4. Clay solutions are needed to build a furnace. They are better than others for mounting a chimney, fireplace, barbecue.
  5. Cement options are appropriate for finishing verandas. They are also used when carrying out repair work indoors. In general, no repair is complete without plaster solutions, it is needed everywhere.

They are applicable for bases:

  • concrete;
  • woody;
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  • brick;
  • stone;
  • drywall;
  • mineral wool;
  • expanded polystyrene;
  • aerated concrete.
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To summarize, plaster solutions are used when finishing the surfaces of walls, ceilings, floors:

  • catering establishments;
  • clinics, laboratories, hospitals;
  • libraries, educational institutions;
  • pools, saunas, baths;
  • salons, studios,
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  • bars, cafes, clubs;
  • hotels, philharmonic halls, concert halls;
  • apartment buildings;
  • private buildings, dachas, verandas, closed gazebos.
  • sports complexes;
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Formulation options

You can prepare the plaster yourself. Even experienced craftsmen often improve the formula of plaster, saturating it, for example, with PVA glue as a plasticizer. You can consider several common recipes for making plaster with your own hands.

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Putty based

To knead the bulk, you will need an ordinary putty (6 kg), water (2 l) and PVA glue (0.2 l). A dry powdery putty is placed in a container, water is gradually poured in, stirred. Then add PVA glue and mix again. In the absence of such glue, it is allowed to replace it with a drywall grout (the proportions remain the same 1: 1).

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With primer

The putty remains at the base, into which, instead of water, a primer is added in a ratio of 6: 2. A kneading is carried out, after which grout (0.2 l) and color are added to the mass (the saturation is selected individually). This recipe allows you to get decorative plastering material. Therefore, the primer must be used in white in order to stain it without losing the quality of the desired shade.

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Cement

To make such a plaster solution, cement is needed, as well as sand and water. The ratio varies: for spraying, the proportions are 1: 4, for soil 1: 3, water is added to the consistency of sour cream. The solution should not flow. You can not use cement with sand in a ratio of 1: 16, the sandy coating will crack quickly.

If you need to use cement material as tile adhesive, it is advisable to add a little PVA glue to it. From this it will become elastic and strong.

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Clay

It is not difficult to make clay plaster yourself. The composition is made up of clay and sand, for performance, water is added to it. Depending on the type of work, the proportions can be 1: 3, 1: 4, 1: 5. This applies to spray and soil. If you need clay-lime plaster for work, the proportions are as follows: lime 1 tsp, clay 2 tsp, sifted sand 6 hours. If you need to plaster the walls from the outside, use clay, sand and cement in the ratio: 0.2: 3: 1, not forgetting to add clean water.

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With lime

The lime composition is used for decorating houses from adobe. The coating has no strength, it is afraid of moisture. Consists of slaked lime (1 hour) and sand (3 hours). For soil, the proportions are 1: 2, for spraying 1: 3, for coating, the ratio is 1: 2. Lime-cement composition is more in demand. However, for kneading, they use lime itself, and lime dough. The ratio of cement - lime - sand is different for each layer. For one layer it is 1: 0.4: 3 (4), for the second 1.61: 2.5 (3), for the third 1: 1.5: 4.

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Gypsum

The recipe for gypsum plaster involves the use of white gypsum powder. Six hours of the mixture will need to be diluted with 2 liters of cool water, then add 0.2 liters of PVA glue to them. If it is made with an admixture of lime, use lime dough in a gypsum-lime ratio of 1: 3.

For rough material, sawdust is added to such a mixture. To the same ratio, they will need 1 hour. Cannot be used for the composition of larch sawdust.

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Venetian

This decorative plaster is prepared from a conventional fine-grain putty. Quartz, marble, malachite chips, slaked lime and color scheme of the desired shade are added to it. The color concentration is selected individually, however, its abundance will lead to a deterioration in the quality of the solution. The total amount of lime for the entire composition varies between 50-60%. This is 3 hours, while gypsum takes 1 hour. To give gloss after drying, the coating is treated with a special wax.

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Versailles

This finishing mixture for interior work is created on the basis of two types of putties: starting and finishing in a ratio of 1: 1. They are mixed, the desired color is added. Silver is an indispensable component that provides the Versailles plaster with a special effect. It is used after the coating has completely dried. Add to a water-soluble varnish (diluted by half) and spray only the protruding parts of the relief.

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What do you need for cooking?

To prepare a plaster solution, you need a simple inventory and components of the mixture. Usually this:

  • mixing container;
  • construction mixer or drill with a special attachment;
  • dispenser, syringe;
  • components of the plaster mixture;
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  • clean water at room temperature;
  • work clothes;
  • protective equipment (glasses, gloves, respirator).

The presence of protective equipment is due to the appearance of dust from the components of the mixture during the mixing process. When filling the container, microparticles will rise into the air. Work clothes will protect the body. A respirator will prevent plaster particles from entering the body.

For use, you will have to take care of another container, which depends on the tool through which the plaster will be applied to the surface.

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Subtleties of the process

There is nothing complicated in the preparation of any plaster solution. Always the main requirement is high-quality mixing of the mass to obtain plasticity, uniform consistency without lumps and other defects in the form of stains of the pigmenting material. The mass must be diluted correctly. Poor quality finishing raw materials will shorten the service life. If the decorative finish is poorly prepared, a beautiful coating will not work out of it.

Different types of mixtures have their own mixing nuances:

  • The cement plaster mortar is dipped into a container, mixed with sand and other additives, if any. Only after good mixing can water be added. After mixing, the composition is left for 10-15 minutes, then mixed again.
  • In most lime-based mixtures, it is better to use the slaked version. It is in the pasty mixture that all additives are gradually introduced. This solution preparation technology excludes the formation of lumps and texture irregularities.
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  • If it is necessary to prepare a solution based on gypsum and lime, it is important to take into account the time (no more than 5 minutes). The technique is somewhat different here. First, ready-made gypsum powder must be added to the water. Mix it until smooth. After that, a solution of slaked lime is gradually introduced into the mass.
  • It is necessary to make high-quality clay plaster by pre-soaking the clay in water. First, it soaks, after a while, it is necessary to knead the lumps, which can spoil the entire solution.
  • Cement-lime compositions are created by mixing cement and sand in a dry state. With high-quality kneading, it is possible to add milk of lime to the mass until the desired consistency is obtained.
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  • If self-preparation seems like a daunting task, buy a ready-made plaster. It remains to place it in a mixing container, check for lumps and add water in the right proportions.
  • If it is necessary to add plasticizers to the composition (for example, PVA glue), this should be done after all other components have been mixed. After mixing the compositions with this inclusion, it is used immediately.

Plasters for decorating surfaces are usually dry mixed. If the room temperature is high, their life cycle may be shortened. For this reason, mixtures are not prepared immediately for the entire area to be trimmed.

Each portion should have the same consistency for application to the surface to be treated and its decoration in the form of a textured pattern.

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Each batch is made in exactly the same proportions. The ratios are recorded on paper as soon as the desired composition of the crumb and shade is selected. The consistency does not change, even if it is a mass for the volumetric decoration of plaster in the form of stucco or frescoes. She, too, is not bred all at once: the execution of a stucco drawing takes a lot of time. The composition will have time to dry by the time of the middle of the work. They monitor the amount of mass, avoiding excessive consumption of raw materials.

Helpful hints and tips

It is important to take into account the basic nuances of making plaster mortar. This will make it possible to perform it efficiently, which will affect the repair and finishing work.

  • Use a clean container for mixing. The leftovers after the end of the next portion must be removed. They will cause the heterogeneity of the new portion of the plaster composition.
  • Do not experiment with the consistency of the solution. This determines its mobility, adhesion, ability to fill cracks and alignment of the treated surface.
  • If the solution breaks and does not hold the indicated shape, the water balance is disturbed in it. In the first case it is not enough, in the second there is a surplus.
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  • So that the selection of proportions does not cause difficulties, you can build on the markings on each component. Manufacturers indicate recommendations for ratios that you can take note of.
  • Creativity is encouraged as part of compatibility. You shouldn't try to mix several ingredients on your own. Not every type of plaster material can be mixed with other coating materials.
  • When purchasing any component for plastering mortar, it is necessary to check its expiration date. Upon completion, each type of raw material loses the quality and performance characteristics declared by the manufacturer.
  • For textured plaster, it is better to purchase a putty marked "finishing". It is creamy, has an airy texture, and will create a high-quality decorative coating of walls and ceilings.
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  • It is better to use white material for finishing mixtures. Concrete color options change the desired tone of the decorative plaster.
  • For laying tiles using cement-sand mortars, it is better to add PVA glue to the mass. It also improves gypsum-based formulations.
  • The purchase of gypsum components for facade finishing is undesirable. It is better to prepare cement-based solutions for these purposes. Lime will not work here either.
  • You need to buy components for a plaster solution in a trusted store that has a positive assessment of ordinary buyers and professional craftsmen.

You can flip through reviews on construction forums to get an idea of a quality product.

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  • When adding marble, malachite and quartz chips to the solution, you need to take into account the nuance: their dominance will make the plaster mixture skinny.
  • For exterior and interior walls exposed to moisture, it is better to use cement-based compounds. Cement-lime types of plaster are also applicable here.
  • Where the moisture concentration is low, all coatings can be used with the exception of cement. The choice of the basis in this case is unlimited.
  • Since the life cycle of the solutions is short, working with them does not tolerate procrastination. Mix them from time to time. This is especially true for compositions with the presence of sand.

In this video, you will find a master class on the preparation of plaster mortar.

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