Barn (95 Photos): What Is It? How To Build Cheaply With Your Own Hands Without And With A Foundation? Construction Project, Fast Build Step By Step

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Barn (95 Photos): What Is It? How To Build Cheaply With Your Own Hands Without And With A Foundation? Construction Project, Fast Build Step By Step
Barn (95 Photos): What Is It? How To Build Cheaply With Your Own Hands Without And With A Foundation? Construction Project, Fast Build Step By Step

Video: Barn (95 Photos): What Is It? How To Build Cheaply With Your Own Hands Without And With A Foundation? Construction Project, Fast Build Step By Step

Video: Barn (95 Photos): What Is It? How To Build Cheaply With Your Own Hands Without And With A Foundation? Construction Project, Fast Build Step By Step
Video: 3 Great Tips for Block-work | Build A Foundation 2024, March
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All people more or less imagine what it is - barn … It is equally important, however, to figure out how to cheaply build a barn with your own hands without a foundation and with it. Another topical point is the choice of a construction project so that not only fast step-by-step construction is possible, but also long-term stable operation.

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What it is?

First of all, of course, it is worth deciding on the problem that you are going to solve. All sheds are an unheated type of outbuilding in which:

  • store accessories and other property, inventory;
  • keep livestock;
  • store firewood and coal;
  • stock up hay, mixed fodder and the like.
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Curious that in the distant past the word "barn" literally meant "palace". But today it does not always house a template utility block for tools or other urgently needed items. Change houses are quite widespread, many of which are carried out according to typical standardized projects. Even with such a choice, it is quite possible to organize the internal space for:

  • workshop;
  • studios;
  • garage;
  • storage of unpretentious types of products;
  • storage of diesel fuel, gasoline, kerosene and other fuels and lubricants;
  • storing old clothes, shoes, household appliances, some building materials.
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Projects

The photo shows an approximate option of a barn measuring 3 by 6 m. In such a size, there is no point in using internal partitions. A pitched roof is provided by default (since more complex structures are not needed).

If it is necessary to further increase the area, they will equip an extension. But still, in most cases, this is enough for a country or country shed.

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In some cases, they even build small shed with a size of 3 by 2 m. It will also have a very simple structure, and such a building looks completely utilitarian. When choosing drawings, it makes sense to focus only on options with an outward opening door.

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If there is at least a minimally decent plot, you can build a small, but still more solid 4 by 5 barn.

As shown in the above diagram, this is a more modern type, with a division into a conventional room and a vestibule part.

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Even more possibilities appear when the selected building area 4 by 6 m. Here division into:

  • auxiliary box;
  • general purpose box;
  • wood-burning corner;
  • shower room.
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But not only does it matter the area of the barn under construction; its execution is also critical … Many people prefer the angular configuration of the utility block. Such premises are roughly the same size as several small sheds. In addition, they look much more impressive and pleasant.

There is no need to fear the complication and rise in the cost of construction - all this is just another myth; the only serious obstacle to the implementation of the project is sometimes meteorological conditions.

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When they talk about prefabricated sheds, in most cases their projects involve the use of timber … Despite the active use of all new materials, it still remains virtually unrivaled.

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The next important point is the choice between two-story and one-story structures. The first type allows you to significantly save space and simplifies foundation work, guarantees the division of zones in height.

However, single-storey utility blocks are much lighter and put less pressure on the support, therefore they can be placed in many places.

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Sheds are also attached or delivered autonomously. The extension will allow you to save a useful space on the site and will be warmer. However, this increases the level of fire risks and makes it necessary to equip a common foundation. A freestanding barn can be made more flexibly and in a less stereotyped way; it makes no sense to especially adjust it to the technical and architectural parameters of the main building. Finally, being in a separate barn, you can perform very noisy work without unnecessarily disturbing other residents and guests.

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Choosing a place

Site selection is just as important as determining the right project. It is best if the location of the shed in the country or on the site will be chosen already in the design process. Since an unsightly building can spoil the appearance of the territory, it is often located behind the main house. However, there is another method of camouflage - location behind the bathhouse or behind green bushes, trees of sufficient height.

If the main purpose of the dacha is purely economic or extremely practical people live in the house, then usually the shed is located as close to the house as possible. It is quite convenient and allows you to spend less time.

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In many cases, they do it even easier: they are looking for a free space of a suitable size where it is impossible to build other outbuildings or set up a vegetable garden or lawn. It is imperative to take into account the distance to the fence, which is prescribed by official regulations. For sheds used for minor repairs and accumulation of garden tools, it is exactly 1 m. It is possible to grow and keep animals, store fertilizers at least 4 m from the border of the site; all rooms for animals must be at least 12 m from neighboring houses.

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You should also consider:

  • soil features;
  • ease of movement around the site;
  • placement of other necessary buildings;
  • wind rose;
  • the most illuminated side;
  • the direction where the door will be least likely to blow out with snow during the winter months.
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Choosing materials

Almost every seller of building materials says that it is from his goods that you can build a barn cheaply and that at the same time such a budget utility block will stand for a long time. But to trust such statements is not to respect yourself. A more objective and balanced assessment is needed. At the summer cottage, sheds can be made from greenhouses, or rather, from those materials that are left of them.

Frame arches allow you to make a new building light and strong at the same time.

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The problem is that in this case the size of the object and its geometric shape are strictly limited. But the load on the foundation will be minimal. A more practical option is polycarbonate construction. This solution is perfect for structures with enclosed bird walks. In warehouses, garages and workshops, the transparency of the walls is not particularly needed, but this can be an original design solution.

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Continuing the list of building materials, it is necessary to point out such a low-budget solution as sleeper sheds. Do not think that they are all outwardly dilapidated and look as if they are about to crumble. Even sleepers that have served for decades are very reliable and can work for a long time. The verified form of such products greatly simplifies the work; even novice developers can do it.

Sleeper buildings are appropriate only at a distance from the main housing, otherwise an unpleasant smell will cause a lot of inconvenience.

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The traditional and even somewhat old-fashioned option is construction from logs. This solution is especially promising in wooded areas, where it will not be difficult to buy a high-quality tree. However, you will have to carefully select a specific product to avoid technical problems. Important: only well-trained people can work with logs at a high level. But such buildings will provide perfect harmony with wooden houses.

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In some cases, construction from foam blocks … Their natural thermal insulation capacity is the same as that of gas silicate blocks. Cellular concretes are distinguished by powerful frost resistance, which is very important in the regions east of the Urals. But foam concrete is worse than aerated concrete in this indicator.

It is worth considering that both materials are susceptible to moisture and are strongly destroyed upon contact with it, so additional external protection will definitely be needed.

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Another choice is buildings from cinder blocks or from expanded clay concrete structures. Cinder block is one of the cheapest construction solutions, and a wide variety of wastes are used in its manufacture (hence the name). Slag concrete is not reliable enough and is rather capricious. Expanded clay concrete is of higher quality and more stable. Both the cinder block and the expanded clay block can contain internal voids. Both materials are generally safe for humans and animals.

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Foundation construction options

Markup

Describing a diagram of how to make a barn step by step with your own hands, work on its foundation cannot be ignored … For the process, stakes, a long rope or cord, and a construction tape are used. You can correctly break up and mark the territory with the help of a theodolite. In this case, they work first with the longest wall and a pair of corner points, and then indicate the corners of the future foundation.

In another version, the markup is carried out according to the Egyptian triangle scheme:

  • stretch the cord;
  • after stretching the marks are placed with a step of 4 m, and then, in a perpendicular plane, with a step of 3 m;
  • adjust everything so that exactly 5 m is between the points;
  • perform subsequent constructions in stages from the formed right angle.
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This type of foundation is popular because it can withstand different loads (changing over time or different in some places). This solution is also perfectly compatible with the basement. Usually, preparing a mixture involves using:

  • 1 share of high-quality cement (not worse than M400);
  • 2.5 shares of fine sand;
  • 4 shares of filler (this can be gravel or crushed stone).

To do everything clearly yourself, you need to dig a solid trench. Its depth should be at least 15 cm greater than the amount of freezing. When working, a plank formwork must be used. The prepared tape is covered with a waterproofing material on top.

In general, there is nothing difficult in such work - it is even much easier than preparing a foundation strip for a house.

Tape

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Columnar

This method differs in that:

  • all work is done quickly;
  • significant expenses are not required;
  • the amount of manipulation with the ground is limited;
  • it will not be possible to equip a basement of even the most modest size;
  • it will not be possible to place large, heavy buildings made of dense materials on top.
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On rocky ground or on sand of a coarse fraction, you can put pillars made of brick or concrete block. Optimum penetration - 1 or 2 rows … If there is sandy loam below, additional insulation will be needed. You can also put a permanent formwork, and already drive piles into it. On ambiguous reliefs and wet soils, it is recommended to use not simple pillars, but screw piles; they will also be the best solution for clay or loam.

The supports must be placed so that they are located exactly at all angles. The gap from one pillar to another should be approximately 1.5-2 m. The top layer of soil is removed in any case. Reinforcing rods are placed in increments of 0.07 m.

A pipe poured with concrete must be defended for about 1 week in order to gain the necessary strength.

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When drawing up a construction plan, many people tend to put shed on stilts … Screw structures can handle even very heavy loads. Choosing the right pipe section is critical. Even relatively small (5.7 cm) supports are suitable for an ordinary shed. Important: the length of all piles is the same - 4 m; you will either have to submit a special order, or cut the blanks to the desired size.

Pile tightening is usually done by hand, following the same principle as a conventional corkscrew. This work is for 2-3 people, you can do it alone, but it will take more time. Mostly two twist the pile, and the third participant carefully monitors that the level is not violated. The concrete to be poured into the pile can be made directly at the construction site. When the required depth is reached, everything is again carefully leveled, and the excess is cut off with a grinder.

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How to make a barn without a foundation?

This option greatly simplifies the work even in comparison with the lightest bases. Important: in this case, it will not be possible to erect stone or brick walls, since they are guaranteed to collapse without support. You will have to choose:

  • timber as small as possible;
  • oriented slabs;
  • boards;
  • particle boards and fiber boards (for interior use only);
  • corrugated board;
  • small logs;
  • a metal profile of small thickness (all this, of course, can be combined).
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Choosing a square or rectangular shape is largely a matter of personal taste. The best planks are spruce, pine and oak. Oak is durable, but quite expensive. The frame base is prepared from solid bars with a section of 10x10 or 6x10 cm; of course, if possible, it is worth taking a thicker material. When building a shed without a foundation, you need to carefully consider the thermal insulation.

For her use:

  • coating;
  • lining;
  • applied by spraying;
  • painting materials.
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Coating option most often involves the use of bitumen. This is not very effective and is mainly suitable for dry regions, but it will come out quite cheaply. Injection layers are much more expensive, the same is true for mats and membranes. However, this achieves reliable protection against moisture ingress.

After finishing the interior decoration of the wooden shed, it is imperative to "walk" over all surfaces, even the inconspicuous and hard-to-reach, with a plane … This will insure against splinters. Polyurethane foam can be attached to wood using assembly glue, and this is quite enough for normal insulation. The same assembly glue is used to apply waterproofing on top of the insulation.

If the roof of a shed without a foundation is covered with corrugated board, it should overlap so that water does not flow inside.

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How to build a wireframe?

One of the simplest drawings for building a frame shed looks like this.

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The easiest way is to equip a frame shed with a pitched roof. The length and height are chosen individually. Planks of 4x15 cm are laid on the floor. The vertical supports should have a section of 10x10 cm. The same beams can be used as blanks for the door.

When selecting wooden elements, it is necessary to take into account that they are not damaged by wood borers or have no knots. Planks with a size of 22x100 mm are taken on the crate. Nails are selected so that they fit into the board with a margin. For normal operation, screws and self-tapping screws are also required.

The frame often has to be insulated, and it is best to use penoplex, polyurethane foam or roofing material.

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The formwork is made of wood or metal. Spacers, clamps will help to increase its strength. Supports are used in the upper segment. It is quite easy to screw on the reinforcement using a wire. The prepared frame is poured with concrete, and this must be done as quickly as possible in order to exclude cracks; for the same reason, it is advisable to avoid working in severe frost or exhausting heat.

The extreme openings of the racks it is recommended to equip with jibs to compensate for the effects of wind loads. A beam for jibs is taken exactly the same as for the main structures. If a tesse is used for work, it is advisable to sand it. If the area is characterized by strong winds, it is recommended to place the frame shed on screw anchors.

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Roof installation

Before dealing with the roof, you need to do an unambiguous choice in favor of a gable or single-pitch scheme. In the Russian climate, flat structures will definitely not be of any use - they will only accumulate a lot of snow in the winter months. Single slope roofs are divided into ventilated and non-ventilated subtypes.… Their production takes a little time, the costs are also low. Repairing such a roof will not be difficult.

Gable version looks more familiar and better meets practical requirements. It will be possible to equip an attic and even a thoroughly insulated attic under a gable roof. If a single-pitched version is selected, then the slope is selected in accordance with the facing material used.

Rafters are usually made from boards measuring 10x4 cm. Their length is calculated according to the Pythagorean theorem.

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It is recommended to create the lathing from an unedged board 10x2.5 cm … The length should exactly correspond to the size of the roof, with the addition of an overhang of about 30 cm. The installation step of the battens is chosen as prescribed by the manufacturer of the front finishing structure. On skates and ribs, a solid crate is always made. Racks for strengthening the roof, it is advisable to take the same ones that were used under the rafters; the overhang filing is prepared from 10x4 cm boards.

The simplest and cheapest, but not too reliable material - roofing felt … Slate is slightly stronger, but still fragile enough and can be broken by hail. Profiled sheet is relatively strong and reliable; to save money, it is advisable to take colorless options for corrugated board. It must be rigidly attached to the base. Self-tapping screws are used for this purpose.

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Other ways worth mentioning:

  • ondulin;
  • cement-sand tiles;
  • flexible shingles;
  • metal tiles.
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Arrangement inside

A relatively simple method that allows you to insulate any shed from the inside - the use of mineral wool, mounted on a grid of staggered nails. The use of rigid (semi-rigid) slabs makes it possible to dispense with the reinforcement mesh. But then it will be necessary to make a board crate, the step between the boards of which almost exactly coincides with the width of the slabs. It is advisable to even further reduce the distance to ensure that the slabs fit tightly into the intended places.

An even easier method to get a warm barn is use of foam … On top of a strong base, its plates are fixed to any suitable glue. The banal PVA will also come in handy. Where maximum strength is required, special dowels are used. The foam will have to be covered from the outside with sheets of more durable materials - it is too exposed to mechanical stress.

It should be understood that no insulation will save by itself from severe cold.… And if animals live in the barn or it is attached close to the house, you will have to put up a stove, a boiler or connect an extension to the heating system.

Brick ovens are more practical than metal ones, but they always need a separate foundation, which makes the job very difficult.

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In a barn for animals is a must ventilation … Usually air exchange systems are created there. Exhaust air is supplied to the hood in small portions. Installation of both mechanical and forced systems is allowed. The simple option does not require electricity, but it does not work well enough in damp, calm weather.

In a shed for storing tools and other property, you can come up with many design options … Plastic containers are suitable for short lengths of hoses and other small items. Steel containers are useful for nails, screws, screws, wire, nuts, and so on. Hanging attachments and clothing hooks should be provided whenever possible. Thinking over the layout, you should clearly allocate storage areas.

It is imperative to also provide for:

  • hanging loops;
  • hanging shelves and simple shelving;
  • drawers;
  • baskets for various things;
  • lockers.
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Renovation of an old barn

Even the best buildings are gradually degrading, and the appearance of rickety sheds over time is absolutely inevitable. But this problem is completely solvable.

If glass wool was used as insulation, it will have to be removed with glasses, a respirator and protective gloves. For work, they wear tight, impenetrable clothing, which is fastened with all buttons. Spraying with water helps to reduce dusting.

Work on the roof must be carried out with a helmet. Sometimes even a torn-off cornice board on the pediment can cause severe injury, after which you have to put stitches.

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Walls made of different materials must be disassembled carefully, layer by layer, sometimes with the help of a crowbar. Anything that can be used in the future should be sorted immediately. Only two or even three people can do the job safely and efficiently.

It is also important:

  • if possible, replace obsolete types of materials and technical solutions with newer ones;
  • install updated double-glazed windows and doors;
  • check the condition of the foundation;
  • re-cover the roof.
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Ready examples

A beautiful shed not only looks more attractive - it is even easier and more pleasant to work in it than in a poorly designed cubicle. This is what a Scandinavian-style building with a gable roof looks like. The unevenness of its "wings" looks original and significantly improves the impression. Rectangular windows work well. The overall look of the wooden building is complemented by boxes with flowers.

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No one also forbids decorating the country shed as brightly as possible. A very good solution can be considered a combination:

  • dark blue flat roof;
  • pink siding;
  • dark green door;
  • a stepped porch decorated in natural wood colors.
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Here are three more alternatives:

WPC construction with a gable roof in black and white colors

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a dark red barn with an open firewood

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a simple frame shed made of wood

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For information on how to build a barn with your own hands, see the next video.

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