Brick Bath (104 Photos): Brick Bath Projects, Pros And Cons, Step-by-step Instructions For Making Your Own Hands With A Stove

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Brick Bath (104 Photos): Brick Bath Projects, Pros And Cons, Step-by-step Instructions For Making Your Own Hands With A Stove
Brick Bath (104 Photos): Brick Bath Projects, Pros And Cons, Step-by-step Instructions For Making Your Own Hands With A Stove

Video: Brick Bath (104 Photos): Brick Bath Projects, Pros And Cons, Step-by-step Instructions For Making Your Own Hands With A Stove

Video: Brick Bath (104 Photos): Brick Bath Projects, Pros And Cons, Step-by-step Instructions For Making Your Own Hands With A Stove
Video: How to Make and Throw an Indoor Boomerang | WIRED 2024, March
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The bathhouse is an indispensable tool for relaxation after a hard day, a great place to meet with friends. It is convenient to use the services of a construction company, but you will have to pay a large sum.

Many summer residents prefer to build baths with their own hands.

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Advantages and disadvantages

Traditionally, Russian baths were built of wood. Nowadays, more and more often fire-resistant bricks are used for such purposes, which are safer, while no less environmentally friendly. This building material is easy to use and allows you to implement a project of a bath of any complexity. Before starting the construction of a brick bath, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the advantages and disadvantages of the material itself and the structure of it.

Fire-resistant brick is more expensive than wood, but it also has many advantages, namely:

  • high level of fire safety - brick is much superior to wood in terms of fire resistance. Refractory bricks are excellent fire resistance, which cannot be said about wood;
  • durability - a brick-built bathhouse can last more than 50 years;
  • environmental friendliness - in the manufacture of bricks, natural, natural raw materials are used, the material does not pose a danger to human health;
  • ease of use - no special care is required for the brick facade of the bath;
  • the use of bricks will make it possible to construct baths of various shapes and sizes, to embody even the most complex architectural projects, to use various types of interior and exterior decoration. The strength of the building allows you to experiment with the interior layout and shape of the roof.
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The disadvantages of brick baths are as follows:

  • high heat capacity - it will take much longer to heat a brick steam room than a similar wooden structure;
  • increased hygroscopicity - to avoid the formation of dampness in the room, it is imperative to perform a complex of hydro, steam and heat insulation works;
  • the cost of building material - fire-resistant brick is a rather expensive material, therefore, the construction of a bath will not be cheap;
  • the need for the construction of a strip, deep foundation and finishing work;
  • to ensure heat conservation, a large wall thickness is required.
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Types of structures

When building a brick bath, you can choose a variety of shapes and designs. The quality of the bath depends largely on the correct interior layout. Ready-made projects will help you not to make a mistake. You can erect a building exactly according to the drawings presented, or use the project as an idea and modify it according to personal preferences.

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It is worth considering several of the most popular options, brief instructions on how to create them.

One-storey sauna 6x4 m with a terrace

This project assumes the presence of such three premises as:

  • restroom;
  • washing room;
  • steam room.

The layout of the bath can be changed by swapping the doorways. It should be noted that entering directly into the break room is not a good option … The fact is that when the doors are opened, the cold will flow inside. A terrace or an attached vestibule will help to eliminate the disadvantage.

Bath projects with terraces are very popular. The terrace can be equipped at your own discretion, you can install comfortable furniture for meeting with friends, place a billiard room.

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Corner baths

The main feature of corner-type baths is their not quite standard shape, which looks beautiful and stylish. This type of construction is characterized by the location of the steam room perpendicular to the rest of the building.

The main advantages of corner baths are the following:

  • the location of the furnace for the steam room in the central part of the building provides heating for all rooms at once and helps to reduce heat loss;
  • corner baths save space on the land. They are usually placed in the corner of the lot. They are ideal for construction in problem areas where this type of structure can be used to "bypass" communications or, for example, a large tree;
  • if you wish, you can make a corner bath with a pool or plunge pool. The implementation of such a project will require significant material costs and the presence of a large building area;
  • the shape of the building allows you to attach a corner steam room to the house or summer kitchen. A variety of options allows you to choose a project based on your needs and capabilities, the shape of the land plot.
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Which material should you choose?

Several types of bricks can be found on the modern market:

Red ceramic hollow and solid… Ceramic bricks can be both facing and masonry. Solid brick is a strong, durable and frost-resistant material. It is used for masonry of load-bearing walls, plinths, ventilation ducts and chimneys. The disadvantage is high thermal conductivity, which is why the outer walls are laid out in two rows. Solid brick is a heavy material, so the foundation must be strong enough to support the weight of the walls. The cost of the material is high, since it takes a lot of raw materials to manufacture

Hollow bricks are lightweight and have good thermal insulation properties. It is not suitable for laying plinths, chimneys.

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Ceramic porous… In its manufacture, a clay mixture with the addition of sawdust is used. During firing, the sawdust is burned, forming air pores in the material, which prevents the penetration of air. This achieves thermal conductivity close to wood. Such a building material is lightweight, durable, and has good heat and sound insulation properties

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White silicate… This durable material has good thermal insulation properties, but it does not tolerate temperature extremes and is destroyed by moisture

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Refractory fireclay… A material with a granular structure is made by sintering chamotte powder with crushed refractory clay. It does not apply to masonry walls. It is used for the construction of structures that need to withstand high temperatures - stoves and fireplaces. Refractory bricks accumulate heat, keep the furnace temperature for a long time, and give off heat as it cools

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DIY installation

Blueprints

Before proceeding with the construction of a bath, it is necessary to correctly draw up a drawing (project) of the future construction. All structural features should be taken into account: appearance, number and size of rooms, wiring diagram of communications, weight distribution of structures, calculation of the amount of required materials. The simplest projects of small-sized baths consist of one room, which combines a steam room, a washing room and a dressing room.

True, this option is not very convenient, therefore, in most drawings, buildings consist of rooms such as:

  • steam room … It is important to consider that the door opens outward as required by fire safety regulations. It is recommended that the height from floor to ceiling in the steam room does not exceed 2.5 m. This will allow you to spend less material resources, time and effort to build a bathhouse and warm up the premises to the required temperature;
  • rest room … Usually a table is installed in it, comfortable furniture so that you can sit down, have a snack and chat;
  • dressing room … It can also be used as a dressing room by installing wardrobes and clothes hangers;
  • washing … It represents a shower room or a pool.
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For the development of a building drawing, you can contact the design organization. Design specialists will competently create a project taking into account the wishes of the client, the requirements of the legislation in the field of construction and fire safety rules.

In order to save money, you can use the ready-made projects of brick baths provided in this article.

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Foundation

If you have a finished project for the future bath, you can start building the foundation. Given that brick structures are quite heavy, the foundation must be strong to support the weight of the structure. The best choice is strip foundations.

The construction of the foundation consists of the following stages:

  • preparation and clearing of the site from various debris, stones, unwanted vegetation and other things;
  • marking of the future building according to the project. Pegs are installed along the walls and in the corners, between which a strong thread is stretched;
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  • excavation of a trench (depth 0.3–0.8 m, width 25–40 cm). It is important to take into account that the foundation should begin at least one meter higher than the flow of groundwater;
  • a layer of sand (10–20 cm) is poured onto the bottom of the trench, moistened with water and thoroughly rammed;
  • a layer of crushed stone is laid on top of the sand layer, moistened, and also tamped tightly;
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  • 1-2 layers of waterproofing material are placed on the resulting pillow. Most often, roofing material or geotextiles are used;
  • installation of formwork from boards. It should rise 30–60 cm above the ground;
  • a reinforced base of metal rods with a diameter of 1.2-1.6 cm is mounted inside. The rows are tied together with strong wire;
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  • it is imperative to moisten the inner parts of the formwork in advance;
  • cement-concrete mortar is poured into the resulting structure. You can do it yourself using sifted river or quarry sand, fine gravel, cement and water;
  • the formwork is usually removed after 5-14 days, depending on the air temperature. To prevent deformation in the first few days, the base should be watered 3-4 times a day. In order to protect the foundation from precipitation from clay and crushed stone, a blind area 1 m wide is poured. The cement hardens to the required strength after 28 days.
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It is imperative to make holes for ventilation in the foundation with a diameter of 8–12 cm and build a separate foundation for the stove if you plan to use a heater.

Considering that concrete is capable of absorbing moisture well, it is recommended to carefully treat the above-ground part with special waterproofing mixtures before laying the walls. At the stage of building the foundation, it is necessary to provide for the wiring of water supply and drainage systems. Electricity and gas can be installed later.

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Walls

After completing the waterproofing of the foundation, you can start building the walls. Most often, a single-row dressing system is used, since it is easy to use, it can be erected alone without problems. This system consists in alternating spoon and bonded rows of bricks. The spoon row is a row of bricks that are laid with their side along the wall, and the butt row is laid with their ends to the outside of the wall.

There are three types of brickwork, such as:

  • solid - the brick is laid in two rows without a gap between the rows. It is more durable;
  • with a ventilation gap of 40–60 mm;
  • lightweight. This type consists of two walls, between which insulation is poured (expanded clay or fine slag).
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It is lightweight masonry that is more often used, since it allows you to reduce the pressure on the foundation and save on building material. Regardless of the type of masonry, walls should be erected from the corners. Initially, you need to lay out six rows of bricks on the mortar in the corners. You need to draw a cord along each row … They are wrapped around nails, which are inserted into the seams between the bricks at a distance of 3-4 mm from the vertical of the row. This is how the evenness of the masonry is determined. For the same purpose, a building level and a plumb line are used.

The basement of the bath is recommended to be laid out of solid, and the walls themselves to be made of hollow bricks … During laying, you need to do everything quickly so that the cement mortar does not set ahead of time. When carrying out construction work in the summer, the brick must be pre-moistened with water. The thickness of the cement slurry layer should be 2–3 cm.

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There are several variations of solid masonry, among them:

  • "Single row" - constant change of the butt and spoon row;
  • "Multi-row" - butt rows go through 5–6 spoon rows.

When laying bonded rows, it is necessary to apply the mortar with an indent of 10 mm when filling the joints and by 30–35 mm when laying a washer. If there are bricks with various chips, defects, then they can be used for laying spoon rows, with the exception of corners and support zones.

It is imperative to build a screen for the furnace made of refractory bricks. It serves as a kind of oven case and promotes smooth heating.

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Roof and floor

The roof structure can be made in one, two or more slopes. It should be borne in mind that the more complex the roof structure, the more expensive the installation will be. The step-by-step sequence of work also depends on the choice of design. In the upper rows of the walls, holes are drilled for the fastening pins. Mauerlat and ceiling joists are mounted on top of them.

If the ends of the beams are in contact with the walls, they are wrapped with roofing material. Then the flooring is constructed from unedged boards. At the same stage, the opening for the chimney is determined.

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To increase the service life of ceiling joists, they must be covered with a waterproofing layer.… You can use fabric absinthe, which is convenient to fasten with construction staples. A layer consisting of a mixture of clay and sawdust is poured on top. After drying it is sprinkled with sand.

At the point of contact of the chimney with the ceiling, it is lined with metal sheets.

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After that, the rafter system is assembled. The rafter legs are attached to the Mauerlat using metal corners and self-tapping screws.

If the roof has two or more slopes, then additional supports are installed between the slopes. A crate of small slats is mounted on top of the beams, covered with waterproofing and corrugated board, metal tiles or other modern analogues. If necessary, make a counter-lattice.

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For the installation of the floor, beams with a section of 15x10, 25x10 mm are used, which are mounted to the bottom of the walls using metal corners. Bars are nailed to the lag on both sides - the basis for the subfloor. A board is attached on top of them, then a layer of waterproofing, insulation and a second layer of waterproofing. After that, the final floor is installed.

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Warming and waterproofing

Waterproofing and insulation are necessary to improve the functional qualities of a brick bath.

Waterproofing can be done in two ways:

  • painting method - from the inside, all surfaces of the bath are covered with waterproofing agents: bituminous mastic or epoxy resins;
  • pasting method - internal surfaces can be faced with sheet or roll roofing material. And also for this purpose, foil-clad polyethylene foam is used. It is convenient to fix it with wooden slats, and the joints must be sealed with aluminum tape. It should be mounted from the inside of the bath with the mirror side up.

Leave a gap between the PE foam and the wall.

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Thermal insulation is the most important aspect in creating a bath. The functionality of the room depends on it. If the bath does not warm up well, all the work will go to waste.

In rooms with high humidity, it is important to achieve excellent ventilation of the insulation materials. Thus, the bath will warm up faster and the amount of condensate will decrease, since it will evaporate faster.

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As insulation material you can use thermoplates, mineral wool, polystyrene, fiberglass or penoplex … Thermal insulation work should be started from the initial stage - the construction of the foundation and the arrangement of the floor.

The popular and most affordable way to insulate the bathhouse underground is to place sealed bottles in rows under a welded mesh. Rows of bottles are covered with sand and spilled with water, then filled with cement.

So that the cold does not pull on the legs in the bath, it is recommended to fill the ground under the floor with a layer of expanded clay and slag.

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For wall insulation, the following approximate sequence of layers is used:

  • lathing made of timber or aluminum profile for drywall;
  • mineral wool - the layer thickness for the steam room is 10 cm, for the auxiliary rooms - 5 cm;
  • moisture resistant board material - a board impregnated from fungi and mold;
  • steam and moisture insulation "Izospan";
  • vertical counter-lattice strips;
  • lining.
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Such a design of insulation eats up a lot of internal space, which must be taken into account when planning. If the area of the bath room is small, in order to save space, it is better to use foam glass to insulate the walls.… On it, lay the vapor barrier, lathing and lining. This option turns out to be thinner and environmentally friendly, chemically neutral and does not emit harmful substances at high temperatures.

Foam glass has one drawback - it is high cost. The vapor barrier of the steam room and the washing room should be given due attention. Foil mineral wool must be laid under the wooden sheathing. The ceiling should also be insulated.… To insulate the dressing room, you can use craft paper instead of foil, which will reduce the cost of the process.

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To improve thermal insulation, place the windows as low as possible and make high thresholds in the steam room. It is important to make the windows small. The larger the glazing area, the more heat loss … The window area in the bath should be no more than 5% of the floor area. Frames should be tightly fitted to the bindings, the gaps should be carefully caulked.

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Thermal insulation of a brick bath can be done outside, for this purpose, foam is suitable.

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Beautiful examples of finished buildings

A modern bath is not only a functional room, but also a place for a comfortable rest with family members or friends in the country. We present to your attention examples of ready-made buildings.

Spacious sauna with a cozy terrace. White color goes well with wooden railing and terrace posts.

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A rectangular bathhouse made of light bricks with an original corner window looks stylish and attractive.

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A compact red brick bath is the best choice.

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The original exterior decoration of the brick bath gives it an uniqueness.

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A stylish sauna with a small dark wood terrace will appeal to many.

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For an overview of the project of a brick bath with a relaxation room, see the following video.

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