How To Insulate The Floor In A Private House? Insulation Methods, We Insulate The Concrete And Wooden Floor In The Country With Our Own Hands

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How To Insulate The Floor In A Private House? Insulation Methods, We Insulate The Concrete And Wooden Floor In The Country With Our Own Hands
How To Insulate The Floor In A Private House? Insulation Methods, We Insulate The Concrete And Wooden Floor In The Country With Our Own Hands

Video: How To Insulate The Floor In A Private House? Insulation Methods, We Insulate The Concrete And Wooden Floor In The Country With Our Own Hands

Video: How To Insulate The Floor In A Private House? Insulation Methods, We Insulate The Concrete And Wooden Floor In The Country With Our Own Hands
Video: How to Insulate a floor to prevent Cold from below with EcoTec FloorFoam 2024, March
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It so happens that the house, despite the excellent performance of the heating system, is still cool. This indicates that the room is losing heat. To restore a comfortable stay in the house, it is necessary to take measures and do floor insulation.

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Features of the

Often in a wooden or brick house with thick ceilings, there is a feeling of cold coming from somewhere below. High-quality thermal insulation will not only cost the owner of the house cheap, but will also allow you to achieve maximum comfort in your home.

Pros of using systems for floor insulation in a private house:

  • Coolant losses will be significantly reduced, therefore, savings in money will be noticeable;
  • If the floor is insulated, then the area of the premises will be heated evenly;
  • Increased comfort in previously cold rooms;
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  • The lower part of the room will become much warmer;
  • There will be no dryness in the air. The latest technologies will trap heat flows in the apartment;
  • There will be more free space, since the use of heating systems minimizes the number of radiators;
  • The heating process is faster, heat transfer increases;
  • These systems have a long service life.

Types of heaters

All heaters can be divided into two categories: technological and those using heat-insulating materials. Technological types are divided into electric floors and water heating. Electric floors include infrared foil, heating mats and copper heating cables, and water heating includes a water-cooled piping system.

Heaters, which include heat-insulating materials, also come in several varieties:

Oriented strand board (OSB)

It contains natural ingredients (wood). It is produced by pressing using chips (sawdust) and adhesive ingredients.

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There are four varieties:

  • OSB-1. The moisture resistance of this modification is rather low - less than 20%. This brand is intended for indoor use and contains a minimum amount of harmful substances in the composition of the glue;
  • OSB-2. It has a more durable structure and is used for sheathing elements of a dry room, because in a wet structure such material will be harmful to the human body;
  • OSB-3 and OSB-4. They are distinguished by the greatest resistance to moisture and increased loads, but they are the most toxic materials in this line.
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But, despite the danger of such material, its use is quite often practiced not only in Russia, but also abroad.

Pros of using this material:

  • Cost savings. The cost of such products is quite low;
  • Ease of installation. Such material is very easy to cut and fasten. It is lightweight, so there will be no special problems with its transportation;
  • Long service life;
  • Widespread use. This material has found application in wall cladding, roofing and flooring;
  • Correct installation is a guarantee of resistance to a wide variety of hazards: corrosion, moisture, the appearance of microorganisms.
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Mineral wool

According to regulatory documents, this material includes glass wool, slag wool and stone wool.

Glass wool fibers are scanty: the thickness is from 5 to 15 microns, and the length reaches only 50 mm. This structure allows it to be strong and resilient enough. When working with this material, you need to be extremely careful - various dangerous situations may arise. For example, inhaling glass dust can damage your lungs, and if glass threads break, there is a high probability of getting them on the skin and eyes.

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Fibers produced from slag, or slag wool, have such a quality as residual acidity. This has a negative effect on metal surfaces in damp rooms. The material absorbs moisture well and is quite fragile. Not applicable for insulation of plastic and metal water pipes.

Stone wool differs from slag wool in that it is not prickly, so it is much safer to work with such material. Its most widespread variety - basalt wool, has the best characteristics, while it does not contain any mineral or binding components. It can be formed into rolls or sheets, stuffed into mats. When heated above the permissible temperature, it does not burn, but only melts.

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Pros of using mineral wool:

  • Excellent sound insulation;
  • Low cost;
  • Long service life;
  • The ability to achieve the maximum effect when waterproofing the base material;
  • It is used for overhaul and construction of buildings.
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Expanded polystyrene

This material is produced using natural gas or carbon dioxide, as well as polystyrene and styrene copolymers. Most of this material is used for insulation and is the most popular in this area.

This product is divided into several types: pressless, pressed and extruded. Pressless is characterized by many heterogeneous structures. It absorbs moisture well. Marking - PSB C-X, where X is the designation of the density of the product.

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The press has sealed pores, so it is considered a reliable and high-quality thermal insulation material. It becomes dense and quite durable. It is marked with the letters PS.

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Extruded, or penoplex, is similar in structure to extruded polystyrene foam, but its pores are much smaller. Marking - EPS (XPS-X). The second letter X denotes its density.

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Of the distinctive qualities of this material, the following positions can be distinguished:

  • Thermal conductivity. Penoplex has the best thermal conductivity indicators. The denser the material, the higher this figure. Therefore, foam insulation is chosen by the lion's share of consumers.
  • Water vapor permeability. This characteristic varies in the range of 0.019-0.015 kg / (m * h * Pa), while in foam it is practically zero.
  • Moisture permeability. When fully immersed in water, the non-pressed insulation is absorbed in an amount of 4% of the volume of the material, and in the extruded version - 0.4%.
  • A product with a medium or high density also has high strength characteristics.
  • Expanded polystyrene does not collapse when exposed to substances such as soap, soda, fertilizers, lime, cement. Damage can be done with turpentine, acetone, drying oil, some alcohols, varnishes, as well as refinery substances.
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  • Ultraviolet rays are harmful for this material. This applies to absolutely all of its modifications. Initially, its strength and elasticity are lost, and then its complete destruction follows.
  • Sound insulation and sound absorption. To dampen impact noise, the material should be laid in several layers. It is not capable of neutralizing noise waves.
  • Reproduction of microorganisms. Expanded polystyrene is resistant to mold and fungal parasites. However, rodents and insects can pave their passages in it.
  • Open air for this material is destructive, since oxidation processes will begin here, which are usually accompanied by the release of toluene, benzene and other substances harmful to the living organism.
  • Fire resistance. This type of material belongs to fuels. In addition to emitting acrid smoke, the insulation emits toxins: hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen bromide and phosgene.
  • Lifetime. This material is durable. Subject to the installation rules, it can last more than 30 years.
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Product advantages when applied:

  • Low thermal conductivity. For example: if you use expanded polystyrene with a thickness of 120 mm, its thermal conductivity characteristics will correspond to a brick thickness of 210 cm or wood of 45 cm;
  • Low weight of the product. Such material is convenient to use, since its low weight allows it to be mounted and transported without assistance;
  • Waterproof. This material can be used as a waterproofing component, because it is resistant to moisture;
  • Resistance to deformation loads. The product has excellent compressive strength parameters. This allows it to be used for insulation and waterproofing under a screed on the floor;
  • Resistant to temperature shocks. Products from expanded polystyrene are resistant to cold and high temperatures;
  • Simple installation. An ordinary user will be able to install, process the edges or cut off part of the material; it is enough to have a knife at hand;
  • Low cost and reduced heat costs.
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Styrofoam

Such insulation is a foamed structure, which contains air (98%) and polystyrene (2%).

In the process of thermal insulation, several types of foam are considered suitable: polystyrene, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene.

For domestic needs, polystyrene foam is most often used.

In terms of form and structure, it can be divided into:

  • Sheet. It belongs to the universal types of insulation, since it can be used for thermal insulation of walls, ceilings and floors. The sizes of the foam of this modification can be varied;
  • In the form of balls. Used as backfill in various cavities;
  • Liquid. Another name for this insulation is penoizol. The purpose is the same as that of the previous type of foam.

There are many advantages of its use: versatility, ease of installation, light weight, low cost, hypoallergenicity and long service life.

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Izolon

It is one of the latest developments in the field of construction, which allows you to keep the comfort and warmth of the hearth.

There are two main groups of such material: isolon PPE and isolon NPE. Izolon PPE is a crosslinked polyethylene foam with a transverse structure, and PPE is an extruded version, which differs from the previous one in its molecular physics and uncrosslinked structure.

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The advantages of this material:

  • High quality thermal insulation. For comparison: the characteristics of a heat-insulating material 1 cm thick are equal to 1 layer of brickwork, which additionally saves free space;
  • The presence of waterproofing properties;
  • Protects from moisture and steam;
  • High performance of noise absorption;
  • Strength;
  • Resistance to chemical reagents;
  • It is an environmentally friendly material;
  • Long service life - over 100 years;
  • Reusability;
  • Elasticity and low weight characteristics.

The disadvantages of using this material include the high cost, the need to comply with the installation technology, compliance with storage requirements and careful transportation.

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Penofol

This product is a roll of polyethylene foam with a foil layer. The action of penofol is based on the prevention of convection due to polyethylene foam and an increase in the parameters (up to 97%) of thermal reflection due to the presence of foil.

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The varieties of this product can be distinguished by the marking, which is indicated by the letters:

  • A. Such a modification of the insulation is endowed with an aluminum foil surface on one side only. It can be used together with other types of material.
  • IN. This version of penofol is used as an independent material for insulation. Has in its structure a layer of foil that covers both surfaces of the product.
  • C. This category is easy to install, as it is provided with a moisture-resistant self-adhesive surface on one side and a foil coating on the other.
  • ALP. This type additionally has a polyethylene film on the foil surface.
  • R and M. The product features a relief surface with foil layers applied on one side.
  • Super NET. It is used for thermal insulation of communications.
  • AIR. It is used when creating structures for the air duct.
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The positive aspects of using penofol:

  • Ease;
  • Simple installation;
  • It is an environmentally friendly material;
  • Fire resistance;
  • Low vapor permeability;
  • Low material cost.

The disadvantages of insulation with penofol can be attributed to its softness, since any insignificant pressure can lead to material damage, poor adhesion and high electrical conductivity (you need to be especially careful with electrical wiring, since aluminum conducts electric current well).

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Expanded clay

This type of material is produced in granules with a diameter of up to 5 cm. The rejected elements are crushed. Thus, there are three types of expanded clay: granules, sand and fine gravel.

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Advantages:

  • Ecological cleanliness;
  • Strength and durability;
  • Resistance to temperature extremes;
  • Fire resistance;
  • Excellent insulation and sound absorption qualities;
  • Affordable price.

The disadvantages include its amount, which is required for good thermal insulation. There should be at least 50 cm of such material in a layer.

Expanded clay can be used in the insulation of floors made with a concrete screed or boards on the ground, as well as on top of concrete. This material has also found application in the insulation of the underground of a private house, as an addition to waterproofing, in the insulation of the floor on the loggia and first floors with unheated basements.

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Selection Tips

The correct choice of material for insulating floors in a country house should always be based on the technical characteristics of the product. They can be found on the product packaging.

Below are the parameters that are better to pay attention to when buying material:

  • Flammability coefficient. It is designated by the letter G. The most non-combustible material is marked G1. It only ignites on direct contact with fire.
  • Water absorption coefficient. The unit of measurement is percentage. The lower this indicator, the less moisture it can absorb. Consequently, the material will degrade less and retain its properties better.
  • Coefficient of thermal conductivity. This indicator is responsible for the thermal insulation of the premises. The lower it is, the warmer it will be in the room.
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  • Density. Indicates how much heavier the floor structure will become. The larger this indicator, the stronger the floor and subfloor should be.
  • If the owner of the house plans not to spend too much on floor insulation, then you can use the budget option. Extruded polystyrene foam is ideal for concrete floors. It is compatible with the underfloor heating system.
  • Expanded clay can also be used under the floor screed. It will serve for a long time and can be used in multi-storey buildings.
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There are a number of non-combustible heaters that have received deserved attention among the domestic buyer. The following brands are especially popular: Isover, Ursa, Knauf Insulation, Termolife.

Non-combustible insulation materials include materials based on flax, basalt, coconut and jute.

Often a person, making major repairs to a private house, thinks about warming the veranda. But here you can also save on finances. For this, you can use foam and mineral wool. However, foam tends to emit life-threatening substances during combustion - do not forget about this.

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To make the room really warm, do not forget about the insulation of the attic floor. For wooden ones, a bulk version of insulation is suitable - this will give the roof an opportunity to "breathe". Heavy options in the form of slabs can be used by the owners of the house if the floor is made of concrete, and for environmentally friendly materials, roll insulation can be used.

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Old houses, which were built at the beginning of the 20th century, are distinguished by the presence of an earthen floor. It is also possible to insulate it, but before that it is necessary to thoroughly sweep and tamp it. Further - according to the technology: waterproofing in several layers, insulation, finishing floor. Foamed polyethylene can be used as insulation.

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Thermal insulation of a wooden base

Thermal insulation of a wooden floor is usually carried out using mineral wool along the logs. The old wooden floor is being removed. After examining the boards, it is necessary to remove the old paint, sand and treat them with antiseptic substances. After they are dry, you need to lay them horizontally.

Remove debris and dust from the subfloor. Rotten logs need to be replaced, and the resulting structure must be treated with an antiseptic and allowed to dry. When laying dense polyethylene, it is advisable to insulate the joints with construction tape. Fasten the waterproofing to the joists with a stapler.

Then you need to cut the mineral wool and put it tightly between the logs. Next, you should provide a layer of vapor barrier over the entire structure, connect the joints with tape and secure with a stapler.

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The next step is to lay the old planks and install the skirting boards. The protruding parts of the waterproofing must be cut off and then painted over.

Insulation with expanded polystyrene should begin with the removal of the finishing finish. Then you need to inspect the base and check it with a level. If the height difference is exceeded by 1.5 cm per linear meter, the base must be leveled.

Then you will need to remove debris and dust, as well as pour a cement screed of the required height, wait for it to dry.

We cut out expanded polystyrene, lay dense polyethylene. We connect the edges of the canvas with tape, put it on the walls and fix it.

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The insulation must be laid in two layers. The first layer should be laid with the bandaging of the vertical joints. The second - in the same way, only its location should be strictly above the seam of the first layer;

We install a reinforcing mesh with a rack height of 3 cm. Prepare a mixture for the screed. The base is concreted in parts, smoothing the compartments with a trowel and checking with a level, we expect drying (this process usually takes a whole month). We carry out fine finishing.

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Warming of concrete

The disadvantage of a concrete floor is poor thermal insulation. Therefore, in this case, it is necessary to use insulation.

Here are several ways to insulate a concrete floor in the country with your own hands:

  • The concrete floor is covered with expanded clay, and a screed is poured over it;
  • The mixture for creating a screed is supplemented with fine-grained expanded clay or crushed foam;
  • On top of the poured screed, you can lay another layer of insulation. To do this, you need to mount the bars, and from the inside to make a layer of the selected material for insulation. Then lay a layer of vapor barrier, and close it on top with boards or plywood;
  • Installation of any type of warm floor.
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In order to make a warm floor in a country house, it is best to use the services of a specialist. But for the sake of saving money, people spend their time and energy on it.

Below is a brief guide to arranging a warm floor in your own home:

  • First, let's prepare a place for the collector. It is necessary to control the temperature in the room.
  • Preparation of roofing material and other insulating materials - they will be required for the waterproofing layer. The first step is to roll them out over the surface of the base. Laying with an overlap of 10 cm.
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The joints are glued together. To do this, you can use exposure to high temperatures or scotch tape.

  • Preparation of the insulation layer. Typically high density foam is used. The layer should be at least 5 cm thick.
  • The next stage is vapor barrier. Thick plastic wrap may work well. Laying is done with an overlap of 10 cm, after which adhesive tape is glued.
  • On the resulting "cake", a reflective film is laid to direct the flow of thermal energy upward. A reinforcing mesh with cells of 150x150 mm is placed on it.
  • Laying of heating pipes with a maximum length of 80 m is carried out over the reinforcement mesh.
  • Fastening pipes with a coolant must be done with clamps to the mesh.
  • Finishing screed filling. Additionally, you can use a plasticizer - it will prevent the screed from cracking when heated.
  • The final stage - laying around the perimeter of the room damper tape and topcoat.
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Errors

Below are some points that should not be allowed in the process of floor insulation:

  • You cannot partially insulate the room if they require major repairs;
  • In the presence of a conventional meter, the use of an infrared or water floor is unacceptable;
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  • In most cases, cheap materials are harmful to health. They can cause not only allergies in humans, but also lead to undesirable consequences;
  • During the installation of the underfloor heating system, the heating circuits must not be kept empty while the screed is being poured. In this case, there should be no heating;
  • It is forbidden to use expanded polystyrene and polystyrene foam in filling the space between beams in a wooden structure, which consists of several floors. When fastening the sheets, they are poorly insulated, therefore, they are available for oxygen. Therefore, in the process of ignition, fire can easily penetrate inside.

You can watch the following video about mistakes in floor insulation in a private house.

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