Oil Paints: How Long Does The Composition "PF-115" Dry For External And Internal Works, Technical Characteristics And Consumption Per 1m2

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Oil Paints: How Long Does The Composition "PF-115" Dry For External And Internal Works, Technical Characteristics And Consumption Per 1m2
Oil Paints: How Long Does The Composition "PF-115" Dry For External And Internal Works, Technical Characteristics And Consumption Per 1m2

Video: Oil Paints: How Long Does The Composition "PF-115" Dry For External And Internal Works, Technical Characteristics And Consumption Per 1m2

Video: Oil Paints: How Long Does The Composition
Video: How to paint tree details | Oil painting episode 136 2024, March
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Currently, repair work of any complexity is easily performed thanks to the professionalism of the builders, innovative technologies and a wide variety of finishing materials. Paints and varnishes also play an important role in achieving repair efficiency. Their assortment is made up of various types of paints.

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Features of the

Oil paints are paints and varnishes that are made in the form of suspensions with vegetable fillers. Depending on the type, they are used in painting, for painting wooden and metal surfaces.

The main components of paints are pigments and binders. The former give the paint a specific shade. They usually change the characteristics of the resulting suspensions, for example, they can slow down or accelerate hardening, reduce corrosive wear, and increase the service life.

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There are several types of pigments:

  • colored (chromatic);
  • black and white (achromatic);
  • organic;
  • inorganic.
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Oil paints are made with pigments on both organic and inorganic bases. Pigments are made from mineral flour that does not dissolve. Linseed oil is used as a binder. Coloring compounds settle at the bottom of the can, so shake the can thoroughly before starting work.

The second main component of paint is considered to be a filler, which is used in order to save pigment. These include kaolin, talc, mica. To improve performance, for example, for faster drying, a desiccant is added to the paint. It is a cobalt, manganese, lead salt that can dissolve in drying oil. In order to facilitate the dispersion of the pigment, surfactants are used.

Drying oil is the main component of natural paints. In recent years, their cheap synthetic substitutes have been increasingly used. Due to the slow evaporation of oils, drying of the painted surface will take quite a long time. Only with the addition of desiccants is an accelerated drying process possible.

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The following types of drying oil are used for the production of oil paints:

  • In the composition of natural drying oil, the content of vegetable oil reaches 97%. Linseed, sunflower, soy, hemp base is used as oil, the remaining 3% is a process catalyst.
  • Oksol contains a little more than half of the composition of natural oils, 40% - white spirit as a solvent, 5% of the composition is a desiccant. Unlike natural drying oil, the price of oxol is much lower, but due to the solvent content it prevents ozonation.
  • In the combined drying oils, the composition is the same as in oxol, only in different percentages. The solvent accounts for up to 30% of the entire mixture, 70% is vegetable oil.
  • Alkyd drying oils are alkyd resins mixed with natural oil, a catalyst and a solvent.
  • The composition of synthetic drying oils includes products of oil refining and other industrial waste.
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Sometimes, if necessary, the composition is brought to the required density. The following diluents are used for oil paints:

  1. turpentine is an essential oil with a complex chemical composition, which is obtained by processing the resin of conifers and resin.
  2. white spirit is a residual product of oil refining.
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Since all diluents are active chemicals, they must be used with care. They are added gradually, in small portions, since the high content of the diluent destroys the bond between the pigment and the drying oil.

Specifications

For the correct choice of paint and varnish material, you need to know the most important characteristics of oil paint:

  • Content of film-forming substances. The most optimal option is more than 26% of the total volume. For the durability of the paint, it is necessary to know the percentage of these components. The higher it is, the longer the service life of the coating will be.
  • The content of volatile components in the composition of the paint and varnish material usually lies in the range of 10%, since they are toxic and harm human health. At ambient temperatures over 20 ° C, they evaporate and give off a specific odor. Therefore, after painting the surface, it is recommended to ventilate the room.
  • The degree of grinding of the paint components. This indicator should be below 90 to obtain a smooth surface, and at high values, the probability of surface roughness is high.
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  • The viscosity of a quality paint is in the range of 65 - 140 points. The fluidity, as well as the curing time of the coating, depends on it. A good oil paint dries in about 48 hours.
  • The hardness of the film is especially taken into account when treating external walls. With an increase in the degree of hardness, the service life of the paint increases and the effect of external factors on it decreases.
  • Absolute hydrophobicity is important for separating external walls, and for internal walls, the indicator ranges from 0.5 to 1 unit.
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Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of oil paints:

  • the possibility of using for internal and external walls;
  • fit well on an untreated wall, as well as over other paints;
  • resistant to frequent washing;
  • low consumption due to high coverage;
  • low cost compared to other types of paint;
  • good adhesion ability;
  • reliable surface protection.
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Disadvantages:

  • due to the content of toxic components in the composition, a person may experience a severe allergic reaction;
  • sharp unpleasant odor;
  • dry for a long time (sometimes up to several days);
  • the painted surface gradually peels off and cracks due to the lack of the ability of the paint and varnish material to breathe;
  • when the paint is stored for a long time, it undergoes some changes: it acquires a rubbery or gelatinous appearance, the mass hardens. Such paint becomes unusable.
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Despite significant drawbacks, oil paints are produced in large quantities. GOSTs strictly control the quality of these finishing materials, designating each type of paint with various combinations of letters and numbers.

Types and scope of application

Currently, two types of oil paints are produced: pasty, or thickly grated and liquid, and ready-to-use. The first is obtained in a mixer and grinding on a special grater. Obtaining the second type involves mixing the composition in ball mills or diluting pasty paints with natural drying oil.

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The area of application of alkyd materials depends on the pigment and varnish used. They are applied to surfaces made of wood, metal, concrete, plastic, bituminous plaster. Often used for finishing as a primer. They are used to paint pipelines and batteries.

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The paint is often used to protect against high humidity due to their water impermeability, which enamel and tempera coatings do not have. But this advantage of oil paints interrupts a serious drawback: during operation, the paint peels off on the surface and disappears.

When staining, it is necessary to consider:

When processing window frames, door trims, walls and glass are usually dirty. Removing oil-based stains will not be easy, so you need to protect parts that should not get dirty beforehand. The walls can be made with plywood, cardboard, tin sheets, and the glass can be pasted over with paper

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  • If you still manage to stain the glass, you can prepare a mixture of crushed chalk and an aqueous solution of washing soda. The mixture should be in the form of a paste. It is necessary to apply the consistency to the glass and leave it as it is. The paint will soften and can be removed with cloth or paper material. To remove dried paint from the wall, apply aluminum foil and iron it with an iron. Then the soft paint can be removed with a spatula.
  • A drill can be used to stir the paint to avoid contaminating clothing. To do this, you need to make a hole on the lid of the can, stick in the rod and fix it with the back side in the drill. It remains only to turn on the device and mix the contents of the jar for 60 seconds.
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  • To remove paint from the body, you need to use a special dissolving agent, but if it is not at hand, then you can try to cleanse the skin with vegetable or animal fat. Also, powder for washing clothes will do a good job with this task.
  • After painting windows and doors, you cannot close them until the paint is completely dry, but if the need arises, you need to lay foil between the sashes.
  • It is better to paint walls made of metal with a spray gun - this way the surface will look neater.
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Colors

The coloring of a paint in a certain color depends on inorganic pigments - achromatic, giving black and white, and chromatic, giving color shades.

Achromatic pigments allow you to get:

  • zinc white, which is widespread and cheap, imparts a white color;
  • titanium oxide also imparts a white tint;
  • lipoton - zinc sulfide mixed with barium sulfate gives a shade of white;
  • carbon black (soot) and graphite impart dark pigments;
  • zinc, aluminum, brass, bronze powders give a bronze, silver (metallic), matte shade.
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The most common chromatic pigments are:

  • yellow - iron hydroxide;
  • iron oxide - red;
  • red litharge - lead oxide;
  • brown - chromium oxide;
  • green - cobalt.
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With the content of a single dye in the composition, the paint gets the name of the coloring pigment: "red lead", "ocher" and many others.

All information about the paint is written on the label, where the main purpose, the necessary thinners, the color palette, the average consumption per square meter, the characteristics and duration of drying, as well as the coloring conditions are noted.

It often happens that it is very difficult to find an identical shade of paint from one manufacturer. Therefore, it is recommended that when buying several cans of paint and varnish material of the same color, make sure that all of them are issued by the same company, of the same brand and with the same batch number. Only in this case can you get the desired result.

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How to choose?

Oil paints are often used for exterior finishing work. They have a high level of resistance to adverse weather conditions: frost, temperature extremes, sunlight. The paint protects the painted surface.

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The composition can also be used for indoor use, but not for painting floors due to its low resistance to mechanical damage.

Before starting outdoor work, you first need to prepare the surface, for which solvents are actively used. They bring the consistency of the composition to the required consistency. The most famous solvents are gasoline, turpentine. Treatment with antiseptics and a primer will allow the coating to lie in an even layer without subsequent peeling and peeling.

Paints protect from increased moisture, prevent the appearance of mold and fungi, damage by pests. A high-quality choice of paint and varnish material will allow you to get a surface resistant to UV rays, a bright fresh shade for a long time. The coating usually lasts for at least 5 years.

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Oil paints for finishing external surfaces on the modern market are presented in a small variety of color shades. To obtain a certain color, you have to mix several types of paints. Such a composition does not meet environmental requirements due to a pungent chemical odor.

The interior decoration of the premises should be approached responsibly both when choosing design solutions and when choosing an oil coating.

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For interior decoration of the house, materials with organic solvents are used. The most commonly used solvents are gasoline, white spirit and kerosene. When working with them, you should observe safety precautions, and use a respirator during the staining process. Over the course of several days, the solvent gradually evaporates, so a sharp unpleasant odor is felt inside the room. It is necessary to ventilate the room until there is no smell left, since there are various toxic harmful impurities in the air at this time.

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The main disadvantages of oil paints are the loss of the original color with the acquisition of a yellowish tint and a high fire hazard.

If it is necessary to paint a wooden surface, and the label on the can says that the paint is capable of killing wood pests, you should refuse to purchase it. Due to the content of pest control additives, toxic gases are released into the air.

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If the label says “dry abrasion resistance” it means that the surface can be wiped with a dry cloth. And "washable, resistant to intensive washing" means that the surface can be washed with a damp cloth.

If the paint contains vegetable oil, it means that it meets the requirements of environmental friendliness. Usually the percentage is indicated on the label.

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It is not recommended to purchase paints containing toluene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), xylene.

Natural paints differ from environmentally friendly and natural paints. They are made from harmless natural ingredients - silicone, methylcellulose, natural wax, shellac, casein and xanthene. The resulting shade depends on mineral, earth, plant and animal pigments.

For floors, you should choose high-strength paints, for furniture - not prone to yellowing, for doors, window frames - standole paints.

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Compositions with natural ingredients are much more expensive than synthetic paints, but they are distinguished by a long service life and health safety.

Consumption

When finishing surfaces with oil paints, the average consumption is from 100 to 150 grams per 1 m2. The amount of material consumed depends on the structure and surface roughness. For example, wood absorbs liquid well, including paintwork, so 2 layers of paint are applied to the wooden surface. Also, depending on the degree of preparation of the wall for painting (primer, sanding) material consumption depends.

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Manufacturers

Manufacturers such as Finnish Tikkurila, canadian Forester, German Dufa and several others. They manufacture products suitable for harsh climates. By doing this, they have acquired a good reputation. Large-scale factories produce materials for all types of work, with a wide range of colors, means for surface preparation for painting.

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Manufacturers, along with high quality products, offer an expensive price for it. Paying attention to lesser-known European brands, you can save a lot on paint. These manufacturers include Estonian Vivacolor, Spanish Isaval, German Reesa … They try not to be inferior to their not the cheapest counterparts, but their advantage can be attributed to the low probability of acquiring a fake.

Manufacturers in Russia have just begun to establish the production of high-quality paints and varnishes. Among the most successful manufacturers are "Lakru", "Tex", Kotovsky paint and varnish plant, "Stroykomplex" and "Olivestu" … They are trying more and more often to update and improve the quality of their products.

Tikkurila Is the number one brand in Russia for the production of paints and varnishes. In the production laboratory for new product development, employees create new recipes with unique textures and improved properties of the manufactured products. The manufacturer offers over 20 thousand shades.

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Another well-known manufacturer of paints and varnishes is "Lacra", founded in 1996. He specializes in paints, varnishes, water-based paints and varnishes and PVA. In addition, the manufacturer produces and sells primer, parquet varnishes, enamels. The entire range of products meets quality standards and is manufactured on modern equipment according to European technologies.

In Russia, manufacturers of paints and varnishes constitute a large branch of the country's chemical industry. They produce more than 2000 types of paints and varnishes, while these volumes are increasing every year. The expansion of the production capacity of the paint and varnish market per year is from 20 to 40%. This is due to the import and increase in the volume of products manufactured by the Russian branches of foreign companies. Domestic manufacturers are in leading positions in the development of various types of paints and varnishes.

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The rich assortment of Russian paint and varnish enterprises is:

  • paints;
  • enamels;
  • fire retardant paints;
  • putties;
  • primers;
  • organic silicate components;
  • quick-drying varnishes;
  • solvents;
  • paints for facades.
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Due to the expansion of the range of paints and varnishes due to toughened competition, requirements for labor protection, health and nature, the production of water-borne and powder materials has been increasing recently.

For how to quickly remove old oil paint from a wall, see below.

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