In any private house there is a staircase that can be located both outside and inside, connecting the floors. The steps for the porch can be of different heights, widths, be made of various materials and, with the correct calculation of the parameters, will serve the owners for many years.
The height of the steps is considered a special parameter of any staircase, because the comfort and safety of the structure depend on it.
How are the steps arranged?
The main elements of the steps are the tread and the riser, but when building a porch, you can do without the latter.
The tread is the flat part where the foot is placed during the step, and the riser is the vertical element between two adjacent steps. True, if we talk about height, then we also need to take into account the thickness of the slab.
Height standards in accordance with GOST and SNiP
For in order to protect yourself as much as possible, when laying the steps, it is necessary to focus on the norms of the parameters of the future staircase, verified over the years, according to the standards of GOST and SNIP. It is best to seek professional help, but to save time and money, you can specify the sizes yourself.
It is also important to always take into account during construction whether the height of the steps will change with further cladding with stone, tiles or wood. This will be necessary when calculating the dimensions of the future stairs.
There are certain standards that allow you to easily determine what the parameters of the ladder should be. So, the minimum width is 70 cm, the standard lifting height is from 120 to 200 mm. The optimal dimensions of the steps in accordance with GOST are as follows: tread - 30 cm, step length - from 100 to 125 cm, riser - from 15 to 18 cm.
In order to determine the number of steps, you should know the height of the floor to which they will be laid. If you define the height of the step as 15 cm, then the height of the floor must be divided by the height of the steps and subtract 1.
If the staircase is wooden, then it is worth considering that the next step may hang over the previous one. This must be taken into account and designed so that the protrusion does not exceed 2 cm.
When designing a layout, it is important to painstakingly do all the calculations, not to be afraid of fractions in numbers, because the quality of the future product depends on this.
How to determine a comfortable height?
You need to know that the normal height of the steps is in the range from 13 to 20 cm.
It is important to remember that for the porch the steps should be flatter, therefore, their height will be slightly lower - 14-18 cm.
The person will go up and down the stairs many times, which means that this should not cause discomfort. Raising the steps higher can be dangerous or inconvenient.
To calculate the size of the steps, you can use the formula 2 BC + PR = D, where D is the approximate length of a person's step in mm, BC is the height of the step, and PR is the tread.
The optimal step angle (Y) is 30 degrees (you shouldn't do any more), which means that BC and PR can be calculated using the formulas:
- BC = D sin Y;
- PR = D cos Y.
It is important to remember that the tilt angle will always affect the ratio of the parameters.
Remember the dimensions of the finishing material in order to avoid additional cutting, and also take into account the dimensions of the assembly joints.
Such simple calculations will allow you to design the layout of the future staircase, but it is important to remember that it is better to entrust all measurements to professionals, because the safety of residents of a house under construction depends on this
A new house means new opportunities, which means that all its details (stairs, windows, steps) should only be useful.