A one-storey house with a size of 5x4 m is an option that is suitable for a minimum cost for arranging a summer cottage. For conversion into a capital building, here you cannot do without a second floor or an attic.
Advantages and disadvantages
The minimum space required for year-round living consists of the following premises:
- a bedroom that serves as a kitchen and living room at the same time;
- a room for a bathroom, in which you can zone the boiler compartment.
Based on the space of 20 m2, in general, for the really useful, this square is reduced to 16 m2 due to the main walls. The downside of this square footage is the almost complete impossibility of squeezing a bathroom and a boiler room into it, without which the house is not considered all-season.
Kitchen furniture with a sink is placed in one of the corners of the remaining space of 9-10 m2. Remains space for a table, two chairs and a single bed. The resulting furniture is extremely crowded, where there are no additional square meters: even getting up from the table to walk, you need to leave the house.
It is here that the transfer of the bedroom to the second floor or to the attic space will save. The 5x4 area can be used in the most rational way, "building up" upward and downward. But Russian legislation prohibits the construction of houses above 10 m (three floors) on summer cottages (three floors) - without obtaining the necessary formal justifications. The guest room is located on the first floor, the bedroom is on the second or in the attic. At the same time, the total area of the attic can be reduced to 12-14 m2 out of the 20 available on the ground floor.
In the case of building a second floor, you will receive an additional 5 by 4 common space, thanks to which the possibilities of arrangement will rise even more, compared with the attic option.
Arrangement of a basement for a 5x4 house does not provide for an underground garage, since the foundation is capital, and the walls of the basement should not be thinner than 0.6 m, the internal usable space will be reduced to 15 m2, taking into account the interior walls. Moreover, these walls should also be load-bearing, coincide with the plan of the first floor, or better, complement it by creating additional stiffening ribs on which both floors stand.
It is almost impossible for a car to drive under a house, the entrance to the garage of which does not go beyond the general perimeter of the building.
Plans for two-story houses
Whatever the material of the walls - wood (timber, log), foam block, brick, stone, with the possibility of erecting a frame (including monolithic-reinforced concrete) supporting structure, a drawing or diagram of the future construction is necessary. In any case, the foundation provides for significant loads. The best foundation is a tape-frame structure with the arrangement of a self-filling (home-made) monolithic slab in places of a useful (internal) area. If the basement is equipped, then the side (wall) spans of the foundation are made the most massive - they resemble the walls in thickness of the floors in high-rise buildings, erected mainly from concrete goods. The entire structure - together with two floors - should give the most even shrinkage, without leaning to either side at the same time. Before the walls are erected, the newly cast foundation is kept for at least a month.
As an example - attic houses, which are easily converted into two-storey when changing the following projects
First floor - two rooms of 8.51 m2 each. An entrance with a porch and a staircase are from the side of the kitchen, which serves as a vestibule and an entrance hall. The second room of 11.73 m2 is replaced by two similar to those on the first floor. At the same time, the entrance to another is arranged in such a way that, due to a simple staircase (single flight), its direction is opposite to the transition to the back room on the first floor. That is, the back room on the second floor is located above the front room on the first. It can be finished as a glazed loggia, located above the kitchen-hallway on the ground floor, and a built-in balcony will turn out. It is not recommended to deprive this space of insulation by making it open - precipitation and cold can lead to deterioration of the interfloor overlap, while increasing heat leakage from the internal (residential) space of the building
On the ground floor there is a kitchen with an entrance hall of 7.21 m2, a living room - 11.07. Second floor - bedroom - 13.01 m2. The load-bearing walls can be made even, and the resulting space of 20 m2 can not be fenced off with interior walls
The four-pitched mansard roof was replaced with a simpler one - one-pitched or gable. The scheme of a 4x5 panel house differs little from a log house. But the frame and walls made of foam blocks can withstand a significantly greater weight of the roof and attic if the attic is used in a two-story house.
This will allow you not to save, for example, on the thickness and pitch of the rafter-lathing base.
Layout of one-story buildings
A one-story building with an attic may look like this:
- main room (guest room) - 10 m2;
- kitchen - the same, at the far end there is a staircase to the second floor, the entrance is from the side of the porch at the opposite end;
- attic (used as a bedroom) - 12 m2.
In the bedroom on the "second floor" part of the space is allocated for one flight of stairs. You can also equip a spiral staircase. The kitchen on the main floor serves as a vestibule and a hallway.
It is easy to make this project purely one-story by removing the attic and the gable roof. There is no need for a staircase to the attic - the roof in this case is shallow, with no more than a 5-degree slope to the earth's horizon. The attic is usually completely absent. The design of such a structure is maximally lightweight, does not create additional load on the foundation, which means it will not shrink too deep into the ground - even after 10-100 years.
Styles and design
The exterior decoration of the house - decorative - on stone or brick walls is carried out using facade tiles, mosaics, spotlights, vinyl siding, etc. which walls were built) to modern (finishing tiles - from tiles to home floor or even paving slabs). The imagination of the owner of a newly built house is not limited. The main thing is that the created wall decoration turns out to be fireproof, does not collapse or deform after a few years. And mosaic stone, tiles, and impregnated wood are, in fact, fireproof materials.
In terms of interior design, the following popular styles can be suggested. The least expensive one is minimalistic: the walls are decorated in light colors, the floor is dark to hide dirt. In the hallway, in the kitchen and in the bathroom, a checkerboard look can be used - alternating light and dark squares (or rectangles, hexagons, "coils") of tiles. If the floor is planked, then the boards can be painted in light and dark tones with their alternation - in any color scheme.
The walls can be artistically painted - for this, either an artist-designer is invited, or an enlarged picture is taken, which is printed out on a printer in fragments. With the help of fragments, contours are outlined with a construction marker. The substance of the marker, penetrating through the paper, leaves the outline on the wall. Then the contour applique is painted with water-dispersion whitewash or paint with the addition of a color scheme of different colors. Wall painting can be in any style - classic, baroque, empire, modernist, etc.
Furniture and appliances in color range should be combined - contrast with each other or complement each other.
Examples of projects
The following options are examples
On the ground floor there is a terrace - 3.3 m2, a living room and a kitchen - 8.9 m2 each, but you can combine these two rooms. Bedroom on the second floor (attic) - 11.9 m2. The bathroom must be attached and the project changed so that the passage to the bathroom is from the inside
Ground floor: living room - 8.93, kitchen - 7.75, terrace - 3.29 m2, entrance through it. The attic is represented by a bedroom of 13.3 m2
Most typical and original projects cannot accommodate a boiler room and a bathroom. They need to be attached separately.